Penile cancer, while rare involves the penis and external reproductive organs. The National Cancer Institute estimates that in the United States, in 2009 there will be approximatley 1,290 new cases with approximately 300 deaths. These statistics translate into 1 or 2 in every 100,000 men being affecting with this type of cancer. Most penile cancers are squamous cell (skin) cancers. Penile cancer is found to be less likely in men who were circumcised as babies. For those circumcised at puberty the risk does increase and for men who are circumcised as adults the risk is the same as for those who were never circumcised at all.
Symptoms
Penile cancers typically affect teh head or foreskin of teh penis as opposed to the penile shaft. Swollen groin lymph nodes will be present at diagnosis in about half of patients. Swollen lymph nodes is often the result of infection as opposed to tumor involvement which can cause lymph node swelling. Penile cancer can take several forms. It can present as a mass or ulcer on the penis, or as a lump. These lesions can be raised and wart-like (as associated with genital warts) or be flat. Other symptoms can include itching and burning. Spread to other parts of the body are uncommon.
Risk Factors for Developing Penile Cancer
There are considered to be two main risk factors which include a history of HPV and lack of circumcision. Other risk factors include poor hygiene, smoking, history of HIV/AIDS, age (nearly two-thirds of cases are diagnosed in men over the age of 65). Risk factors associated with HPV including multiple sexual partners, starting sex at an early age, having sexual relations with partners who have had multiple other partners and lack of condom use (which helps reduce possibly infected skin contact) should also be considered.
Diagnosing Penile Cancer
A diagnosis of penile cancer is typically done through performing a biopsy for pathologic analysis. A cystoscopy (insertion of a tube into the urethra) may also be performed to see if there is any additional evidence of cancer present.
Treatment for Penile Cancer
Surgery is the main form of treatment for penile cancer. This can range from a small resection of a localized lesions to complete removal of the penis in more advanced cases. Radiation therapy can be used in lesions staged at T1 or T2 often in conjunction with chemotherapy. If lymph nodes are involved removal of these lymph nodes on both sides is recommended.
Resources
Any Mother's Daughter, Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer: This site is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. Information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. This is not a substitute for professional care. If you suspect you may have a health problem consult your healthcare provider. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is strictly prohibited.
